Strengthen your faith in God's word

(1.) Definitions. The phrase “heaven and earth” is used to indicate the whole universe (Gen 1:1; Jer 23:24; Acts 17:24). According to the Jewish notion there were three heavens,

(a) The firmament, as “fowls of the heaven” (Gen 2:19; Gen 7:3, Gen 7:23; Ps 8:8, etc.), “the eagles of heaven” (Lam 4:19), etc.

(b) The starry heavens (Deut 17:3; Jer 8:2; Matt 24:29).

(c) “The heaven of heavens,” or “the third heaven” (Deut 10:14; 1 Kgs 8:27; Ps 115:16; Ps 148:4; 2 Cor 12:2).

(2.) Meaning of words in the original,

(a) The usual Hebrew word for “heavens” is shamayim, a plural form meaning “heights,” “elevations” (Gen 1:1; Gen 2:1).

(b) The Hebrew word marom is also used (Ps 68:18; Ps 93:4; Ps 102:19, etc.) as equivalent to shamayim, “high places,” “heights.”

(c) Heb. galgal, literally a “wheel,” is rendered “heaven” in Ps 77:18 (R.V., “whirlwind”).

(d) Heb. shahak, rendered “sky” (Deut 33:26; Job 37:18; Ps 18:11), plural “clouds” (Job 35:5; Job 36:28; Ps 68:34, marg. “heavens”), means probably the firmament.

(e) Heb. rakia is closely connected with (d), and is rendered “firmamentum” in the Vulgate, whence our “firmament” (Gen 1:6; Deut 33:26, etc.), regarded as a solid expanse.

(3.) Metaphorical meaning of term. Isa 14:13, Isa 14:14; “doors of heaven” (Ps 78:23); heaven “shut” (1 Kgs 8:35); “opened” (Ezek 1:1). (See 1 Chr 21:16.)

(4.) Spiritual meaning. The place of the everlasting blessedness of the righteous; the abode of departed spirits.

(a) Christ calls it his “Father’s house” (John 14:2).

(b) It is called “paradise” (Luke 23:43; 2 Cor 12:4; Rev 2:7).

(c) “The heavenly Jerusalem” (Gal 4:1–31: 26; Heb 12:22; Rev 3:12).

(d) The “kingdom of heaven” (Matt 25:1; Jas 2:5).

(e) The “eternal kingdom” (2 Pet. 2 Pet 1:11).

(f) The “eternal inheritance” (1 Pet 1:4; Heb 9:15).

(g) The “better country” (Heb 11:14, Heb 11:16).

(h) The blessed are said to “sit down with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob,” and to be “in Abraham’s bosom” (Luke 16:22; Matt 8:11); to “reign with Christ” (2 Tim 2:12); and to enjoy “rest” (Heb 4:10, Heb 4:11).

In heaven the blessedness of the righteous consists in the possession of “life everlasting,” “an eternal weight of glory” (2 Cor 4:17), an exemption from all sufferings for ever, a deliverance from all evils (2 Cor 5:1, 2 Cor 5:2) and from the society of the wicked (2 Tim 4:18), bliss without termination, the “fulness of joy” for ever (Luke 20:36; 2 Cor 4:16, 2 Cor 4:18; 1 Pet 1:4; 1 Pet 5:10; 1 John 3:2). The believer’s heaven is not only a state of everlasting blessedness, but also a “place”, a place “prepared” for them (John 14:2).