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(Heb. ruah; Gr. pneuma), properly wind or breath. In 2 Thess 2:8 it means “breath,” and in Eccl 8:8 the vital principle in man. It also denotes the rational, immortal soul by which man is distinguished (Acts 7:59; 1 Cor 5:5; 1 Cor 6:20; 1 Cor 7:34), and the soul in its separate state (Heb 12:23), and hence also an apparition (Job 4:15; Luke 24:37, Luke 24:39), an angel (Heb 1:14), and a demon (Luke 4:36; Luke 10:20). This word is used also metaphorically as denoting a tendency (Zech 12:10; Luke 13:11).

In Rom 1:4, Rom 1:1 Tim. 3:16, 2 Cor 3:17, 2 Cor 3:1 Pet. 3:18, it designates the divine nature.